HPV Detection Tests: Importance and Applicability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/2237-4574-2024810002Keywords:
Human Papillomavirus Viruses, Human Papillomavirus DNA tests, DNA probes, HPVAbstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to several types of cancer, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and head and neck cancers. It also causes genital and non-genital warts, such as recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis. Molecular biology has enabled the detection of HPV DNA, leading to further investigation of the E6 and E7 proteins, which are synthesized from the viral oncogenes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HPV testing with genotyping for cervical cancer screening, due to the test's high negative predictive value. However, because of its high sensitivity, a secondary test is needed to identify cases with a higher likelihood of disease. Beyond cervical cancer, HPV genotyping can guide treatment for anal and oropharyngeal cancers. In urology, HPV detection can help avoid unnecessary biopsies.
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