The emerging role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer — epidemiology, clinical implications, and prevention strategies: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/2237-4574-244Keywords:
Human papillomavirus viruses, oropharyngeal cancer, epidemiology, prevention, vaccinationAbstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as one of the main etiological factors of oropharyngeal cancer, especially in high-income countries, where it is progressively replacing traditional risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption. This article aims to critically review current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical impact, and prevention strategies of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. A global increase in incidence is observed, with a predominance among men, as well as a lack of effective screening programs. In addition, the impact on patients’ quality of life is significant, even after treatment. HPV vaccination has emerged as a central prevention strategy, with high efficacy against the main oncogenic genotypes. It is concluded that HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer represents a growing public health challenge, requiring integrated policies for prevention, early diagnosis, and health education.
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