Vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano além da profilaxia: uma revisão narrativa para avaliar o benefício na associação ao tratamento em diferentes tipos de lesões

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/2237-4574-243

Palavras-chave:

vacinas contra papillomavirus, vacina contra HPV

Resumo

A vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) consolidou-se como uma das principais estratégias de prevenção primária de infecções e neoplasias associadas ao vírus. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, tem crescido o interesse pelo possível benefício da vacina profilática em contextos pós-exposição, especialmente como estratégia adjuvante após o tratamento de lesões HPV-relacionadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as evidências disponíveis sobre o papel da vacinação contra o HPV além da profilaxia, com ênfase em seu potencial benefício adjuvante na redução da recorrência e no controle clínico de doenças associadas ao HPV em diferentes sítios anatômicos. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, com busca nas bases PubMed, Scopus e LILACS, incluindo publicações em português, inglês e espanhol publicadas nos últimos 15 anos. Foram considerados estudos que avaliaram o uso da vacina em indivíduos previamente expostos ao HPV ou submetidos ao tratamento de lesões HPV-relacionadas, abrangendo ensaios clínicos, estudos observacionais, séries de casos e revisões relevantes. As evidências foram organizadas segundo o sítio anatômico acometido. Observou-se maior consistência de benefício adjuvante no trato cervical, especialmente após tratamento de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical, e resultados promissores na papilomatose respiratória recorrente, com redução do número de procedimentos e aumento do intervalo entre recorrências. Na vulva, vagina e região anal, estudos observacionais sugerem possível redução de recorrência em contextos específicos, embora os achados sejam heterogêneos e nem sempre confirmados por ensaios clínicos randomizados. Para câncer de pênis e neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço, predominam evidências indiretas ou ainda insuficientes para conclusões robustas. Conclui-se que a vacina profilática contra o HPV não deve ser interpretada como tratamento direto da doença ativa, mas pode exercer papel adjuvante em determinados cenários clínicos, sobretudo na redução da recorrência após tratamento local. A magnitude desse benefício varia conforme o sítio anatômico e a qualidade metodológica dos estudos disponíveis, sendo ainda indefinida, indicando a necessidade de ensaios clínicos prospectivos e diretrizes específicas para sua incorporação na prática clínica.

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2026-08-11

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1.
de Carvalho NS, Brunnquell HS, de Moraes MM, Stingelin R de L, Rodrigues MV de M, Morais G de O, et al. Vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano além da profilaxia: uma revisão narrativa para avaliar o benefício na associação ao tratamento em diferentes tipos de lesões. Rev Bras Patol Trato Genit Inferior [Internet]. 11º de agosto de 2026 [citado 29º de agosto de 2026];10(01). Disponível em: https://rbptgi.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/243

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